Marcus Mac Innes' Blog

Irish Views on .NET, C# and of course "Services"...
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Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

I have read some good articles concerning SOA, especially James Avery's articles back in January starting with Adventures in SOA, Part 12, 3, 4, 5, 6  and related comments (especially by Udi Dahan and his later article I'll see you when you get there), but there are a couple of things that haven't yet solidified.

When building a Service Oriented Architecture... the theory is to divide the application up into a number of services. On the one hand the idea is to have as many distinct services as possible (for maintenance and extensibility) while on the hand remembering to keep the number down to a minimum for performance reasons.

So for example, let's say I have 2 simple services: UserManagerService and CustomerManagerService.

UserManagerService has the following methods: GetUserByUsername(username), AddUser(user), UpdateUser(user), DeleteUser(user), IsUserOlderThan(age)

CustomerManagerService has the following methods: GetCustomerByName(customerName), AddCustomer(customer), UpdateCustomer(customer), DeleteCustomer(customer)

where parameters are XML defined by schema

NOW the question --> I want to relate Users to Customers. What to do...

Do I need to build a higer level service which offers additional interfaces (methods) like:

AddUserToCustomer(user, customer), DeleteUserFromCustomer(user, customer), GetCustomerUsers(customer) and this service in turn calls UserManagerService and CustomerManagerService?

Or is it okay to let CustomerManagerService know a little about Users, say just the UserID and add the following methods to CustomerManagerService: AddUserToCustomer(userID, customer)?

Fabrice Marguerie writes about "Factorization" in his article Getting a little closer to SOA and this would seem to suggest that services should not know anything about their peers unless they themselves are consumers of those peers.

Marcus

posted on Friday, March 05, 2004 12:10 PM

Feedback

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

"On the one hand the idea is to have as many distinct services as possible (for maintenance and extensibility)"

How does having many services directly support maintainability ?

And this is probably related - why separate the users and customers into different services ?
3/6/2004 12:38 AM | Udi Dahan - The Software Simplist

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

Maybe I'm looking at services from an OO perspective, please correct me if I'm wrong...

But I understand that the "Factorization" described by Fabrice (see blog above) provides cleaner separation of concerns. We can factorise right down to the lowest level, but this now presents us with the potential for performance degradation. For example, a portal application, where the presentation layer makes calls to separate factorised services each of which is responsible for providing the content (data) for a given portal module. Each portal module service then potentially makes additional calls to dependent services and so on... until we get down to the lowest level service, data persistence (maybe Yukon with its new Web Services capabilities).

Now I’m seeing a hierarchy of factorised services which in reality is overkill and requires pruning, but bear with me…

In hindsight, my use of Customer and User as examples was probably a mistake in that these should really be kept together and don’t provide a clear picture of what I am trying to understand.

Instead, what if we talking about an image archive and say an order processing system, which amongst other things processes the purchasing of images from the archive. These are clearly separate services, but there exists a relationship between the Image Archive Service and orders for images it contains. My original question was similar in that I need to decide where this relationship resides?

Do we want the Image Archive Service to be able to query the Order Processing Service in a HasImageBeenPaidFor() scenario before it returns images to consumers? If so, the Order Processing Service needs to know about images rather than just orders and their status. Do we want the Image Archive whose main responsibility is to store and catalogue image files and their associated metadata to know about who has ordered what?

Do we build a service called CutomerGallery Service that encapsulates the Image Archive and Order Processing allowing methods such as GetAllImagesPaidForByCustomer.

If we follow on from this, we end up with one single top level service that encapsulates the entire application and we are back to the hierarchy described above and all the performance penalties that are associated with it.

Really I am just trying to working through the combinations of how to approach the problem and simply trying to understand the best practice.

Marcus
3/6/2004 11:50 AM | Marcus Mac Innes

# Service Oriented Architecture - Dividing your services

3/12/2004 2:10 AM | .Avery Blog

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

I came across the following post a couple of days ago by Ramkumar Kothandaraman entitled "Service Boundaries, Business Services and Data" which I believe addresses this very issue:

http://blogs.msdn.com/ramkoth/archive/2004/03/08/85802.aspx

Marcus
3/12/2004 2:48 PM | Marcus Mac Innes

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

The UI, or any other system which you'd want to hook up to your system, should not, I repeat, NOT ! talk to many low ( or not so low ) level services. Everything should pass through a single service/api. This api IS "the system". The internal division of "the system" is irrelevant to anybody wanting to work with it. Think of it as a "business api". The difference between the business api to all other parts of "the system" are that the business api is designed primarily to make life easy on its users.

For instance, when adding a user, you wouldn't make your UI have to call three different services to 1. add the user to the DB, 2. create an email account for the user, and 3. send a welcome email to the user; rather, the AddUser call in the business api would do all that behind the scenes. Remember that the second purpose of the business api is to minimize calls to it - think that its being called over the network.

This will, at the very least, make your UI developers kiss the ground you walk on.
4/10/2004 9:26 PM | Udi Dahan - The Software Simplist

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

I have posted a comment on my blog at http://www.veryard.com/so/2004/07/dividing-your-services.htm
7/21/2004 5:20 PM | Richard Veryard

# re: Service Oriented Architecture – Getting Something Straight

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